The clan system
Anhrushite society has been based on a system of l̂yzgja, or clans, since at least the early Imperial period. The original set of clans is believed to have arisen from the families that inhabited Anhrush City and the surrounding area around the time of the city’s incorporation; as these families grew, it became necessary to divide them into smaller units, which became the kolomha or families of today. There were originally about 25 clans in the area within 30 miles of Anhrush City, but as the city expanded its influence, more and more families in the Amanha Desert came to be considered clans. Eventually, new additions to the Anhrushite state ceased adopting the clan structure, and the number of clans became limited to the 144 clans of today.
Due to the importance of the clan system in society, the clan name is the first of an Anhrushite’s traditional three names. The family name comes last, after the given name and any nicknames or patronymics the individual might have. Clan names are almost entirely of obscure origin and often are unanalyzable. Many of them are believed to have come from the lost substrate language spoken by the pre-Hamitic inhabitants of the desert, which remains undeciphered. A handful of clan names, however, can be analyzed, based on the identification of Old Anhrushite roots contained in them.
On the other hand, family names are often analyzable, as they came into existence more recently. Many are derived from toponyms, since many early families distinguished themselves from others in the same clan by their hometown or home province. Other families are named after their first patriarch, and so derive from personal names. Still others come from adjectives, which were often used by non-family members to describe families. Some family names are found in multiple clans; most of these families are unrelated to one another, their shared names arising from the families living in the same area or simply being given the same adjectival name.
Upon marriage, women customarily take their husband’s family name while retaining her clan name. This practice reflects Anhrushite social views: a wife is considered part of her husband’s family, but she remains part of the clan she was born into. In large part, this is due to clans being both patriarchal and patrilineal; by keeping her clan name, a woman’s ancestry remains easy to trace. The couple’s children then take the husband’s clan and family names, in keeping with the clan’s aforementioned patrilineal nature.
Personal names
When a child is born to Anhrushite parents, they typically give it a name that expresses either the circumstances of the child’s birth or their hopes for its future. As such, Anhrushite personal names are very descriptive, often deriving from whole clauses or compounds. At the same time, however, they must balance this preference for descriptiveness with a need for parsimony. To accomplish these goals that are in constant tension, the phrases from which names are derived undergo a process of condensation that strips out all unnecessary sounds while keeping word stems recognizable. This process is broadly similar to that by which compounds are formed, as explained in section 3.7.4, except that the more aggressive forms of morpheme reduction are the dominant form of sandhi working to produce reasonably short names from potentially long phrases. Certain morphemes are especially subject to this process and may be reduced to as little as a single segment, if anything at all. Consider the following examples:
The copula ve is reduced to v if it is between two vowels; otherwise, it is simply omitted:
(1a) Jave gëve umïkailed → Ja-v-umïkai-l “Jave is my light” (♂)
(b) jauled gëve wambet → Jau-v-wambet “my God is abundance” (♀)
(c) efaugled mëve anh → Fau-v-anh “my home is the spring” (♂/♀)
(d) audled (gëve) šerimgjø → Aud-l-eriŋ “my father is the judge” (♂)
(e) ŵindled (mëve) feigoķ → Ŵin-eigoķ “my people is (a) fountain” (♀)
(f) audled (gëve) šalom → Aud-ǯalom “my father is peace” (♂)
Possessive suffixes may be reduced to l or lë, if they are retained at all:
(2a) Jave gëve jauled → Jav-jau-l “Jave is my God” (♂)
(b) Jave gëve audled →Jav-aud-lë “Jave is my father” (♂/♀)
(c) eršatedlem ŵĩ → Eršad-wĩ “strength of the people” (♂)
(d) audled (gëve) táltoi → Au-táltoi “my father is joy” (♀)
Subject agreement prefixes are omitted entirely, unless the phrase begins with one:
(3a) jau gëţarķoŋ → Jau-ţarķoŋ “God helped” (♂)
(b) dëve r̂oŋga → Dë-r̂oŋga “I am music” (♀)
(c) jëve (um) aŋkrau → J-aŋkrau “she is a garden” (♀)
(d) jau gëkanr̂o → Jaukanr̂o “God rises” (♂)
A number of derivational morphemes are severely reduced or outright omitted, but may leave traces behind:
(4a) gwŕfedlem ŵĩ → Gwŕf-wĩ “victory of the people” (♂)
(b) girkedled (mëve) stei → Girk-e-stei “my delight is in her” (♀)
(c) jau gekkalŕ → Jau-k-kalŕ “God makes happy” (♀)
(d) Jave gektokra → Ja-k-tokra”Jave sets free” (♂)
(e) jau gekeršat → Jau-k-eršat “God strengthens” (♂)
(f) šïvlem egdavöret → Šï-g-davör-t “son of encouragement” (♂)
Astute readers have doubtless noticed the frequent appearance of jau “God” and the divine name Jave in these names. Names of this sort are quite common in Anhrushite society, even among non-Javites, due to the religion’s long-running influence on national culture. In names that use it, the divine name is typically reduced to Ja or Jav, as many of the above examples show.
While phrase-based names like the above are common, some Anhrushite names are simple nouns or noun-adjective blends. Such relatively simple names have always been popular, although they tend to be more so outside Javite communities. These names often show less phonological reduction than phrasal names, although some are reduced because they would otherwise be too long. Single-word names often show no reduction at all, as is the case for the names in example (5):
(5a) Aiet “breath” (♀)
(b) Ŕsus “trouble” (♂)
(c) Freiet “answer” (♂)
(d) Fyždë “palm tree” (♀)
This lack of reduction also extends to names that include a possessive suffix:
(6a) Krepedled “my truth” (♂/♀)
(b) Weiŋglokeiled “my messenger” (♂)
(c) L̂odulei “her silver” (♀)
(d) Fŕdleg “his favor” (♀)
In noun-adjective compound names, meanwhile, the extent of morpheme reduction is generally limited to the vicinity of the morpheme boundary, unless either component is very long. Consider the names in example (7), and note the limited sandhi that takes place:
(7a) ḑïnd wŕïn → Ḑïnd-rïn “high mountain” (♂)
(b) ož rïnden → Ör-žïnden “exalted nation” (♂)
(c) gwŕfet oix̌ → Gwŕf-oix̌ “good victory” (♀)
(d) deš mosen → Deš-osen “wanted child” (♀)
(e) umïkai ketso → Umï-ketso “righteous light” (♂)
(f) börḑ kirb → Bör-girb “bright moon” (♀)
(g) girkinčem einǯë → Girx̌-enǯë “soft pleasantness” (♀)
(h) gasnörŋäläg krep → Gasnälä-krep “true prophecy” (♂)
When a name with a given meaning already exists, it typically is only available for males. Although names may sometimes simply become unisex (as examples (1c), (2b), and (6a) above show by the gender symbols following them), the more common solution is to feminize the name in one of two ways. The preferred way is to apply the derivational suffix -j, which as mentioned in section 3.7.1 descends from the Anhrushite feminine ending. Examples (8a-f) demonstrate this suffix being applied to a selection of names, triggering morphophonological changes where necessary; in particular, (b) and (d) show that the suffix forms diphthongs with a final vowel, while (e-f) show the palatalizing effect it has on coronal obstruents:
(8a) Wambyn (♂) → Wambyn-j (♀) “abundant”
(b) Oilķägja (♂) → Oilķägja-i (♀) “gift of Jave”
(c) Javaumïk (♂) → Javaumïk-j (♀) “Jave is great”
(d) Jaukanr̂o (♂) → Jaukanr̂o-i (♀) “God rises”
(e) Ŵinŕkot (♂) → Ŵinŕkoč [tj] (♀) “my people is noble”
(f) Jaubed (♂) → Jaubeǯ [dj] (♀) “God is with me”
The second option is to add a form of the usual feminine prefix eis-, which may or may not be phonetically reduced; common reduced forms are ei- (as in examples (9a-c)) and s-, the latter voicing to z- when followed by a voiced obstruent (both variants of this form can be seen in examples (9d-f) below):
(9a) Dlog (♂) → Ei-dlog (♀) “dove”
(b) Jašuwet (♂) → Ei-ašuwet (♀) “Jave is salvation”
(c) Auǯa (♂) → Ei-auǯa (♀) “my father is Jave”
(d) Ḑedẽ (♂) → S-tedẽ (♀) “the rock”
(e) Ketso (♂) → S-ketso (♀) “righteous”
(f) Gëšëḑ (♂) → Z-gëšëḑ (♀) “he knows”
Nicknames
Even with the extensive phonological reductions which names undergo, many are not used in everyday conversation due to their length. Instead, one of various possible nicknames is preferred; the exact one used depends on familiarity with the addressee and relative social status. Among friends and close family members, a simple diminutive is preferred; such diminutives are formed from a prominent syllable in the name and the regular diminutive suffix -zë. This “prominent syllable” is often chosen to keep the nickname distinct but is usually either the syllable with primary stress or the heaviest syllable in the name. Example (10) gives a variety of nicknames and the names from which they derive:
(10a) Jauvwambet → Wambzë
(b) Börgirb → Börzë
(c) Šïgdavört → Dazë
(d) Eršadwĩ → Šadzë
(e) Auǯa → Auzë
(f) Weiŋglokeiled → Weizë
(g) Jauţarķoŋ → Ţarzë
(h) Girkestei → Girzë
(i) Dër̂oŋga → R̂oŋgzë
(j) Gasnäläkrep → Gazë
(k) Jaktokra → Toxë
(l) Eidlog → Dlozë
A less familiar form of nickname uses the same “prominent syllable” as these diminutives, but replaces the diminutive suffix with either the next consonant in the name or nothing at all. These nicknames are commonly-used short forms of names and are suitable for use in virtually any situation. Some shorter names do not have these short forms, simply because they are unnecessary with names that are sufficiently short. Example (11) features short-form nicknames for some of those names that have them:
(11a) Ŵinŕkoč → Ŵin
(b) Jašuwet → Jaš
(c) Jaktokra → Tokrë
(d) Javumïkail → Vum
(e) Šïgdavört → Dav
(f) Jauţarķoŋ → Ţarķ
(g) Weiŋglokeiled → Wei
(h) Jaukkalŕ → Kal
(i) Jaukeršat → Kerš
(j) Javaumïk → Vau
(k) Gwŕfwĩ → Fwĩ
(l) Jaukanr̂o → Kanr̂ë
(m) Gasnäläkrep → Gas
(n) Umïketso → Ket
(o) Öržïnden → Örž
(p) Ŵïneigoķ → Neig
In certain uncommon circumstances, the process of forming a short-form nickname may lead to the nickname ending in an illegal coda which would make a legal onset. In such situations, a schwa is added to the end of the nickname; such schwas are subject to the allophony mentioned at the end of section 2.2 and therefore rarely pronounced (in contrast, the final schwa of the diminutives receives secondary stress to prevent its loss, which could make certain diminutives indistinguishable from their corresponding short-form nicknames). The nicknames in examples (11c) and (l) above demonstrate this extra step.
Patronymics
While Anhrushites are not required to have or use patronymics in modern times, their use has remained modestly popular due to the rise of urban populations as a means of disambiguating members of very large families. They were more commonly used during the Empire, before family names existed, and they remained especially common in the first few centuries after the introduction of family names. It was not until the Argóllan occupation that family names overtook patronymics in popularity, due in part to the occupation’s effects on the social fabric and in part to their use by the Argóllans. Their use declined after family names became legally mandated, a couple of centuries after the occupation ended.
The formation of patronymics is straightforward: the derivational suffix -ent is added to the father’s given name if it ends in a consonant, while -gjø is added if it ends in a vowel. Thus the patronymics in example (12), formed from a selection of male names, are representative of patronymics as a whole:
(12a) Fauvanh → Fauvanhent
(b) Ḑïndrïn → Ḑïndrïnent
(c) Jaukeršat → Jaukeršatent
(d) Ŵinŕkot → Ŵinŕkotent
(e) Javjaul → Javjaulent
(f) Gëšëḑ → Gëšëḑent
(g) Jaubed → Jaubedent
(h) Auǯalom → Auǯaloment
(i) Jaktokra → Jaktokragjø
(j) Umïketso → Umïketsogjø
(k) Auǯa → Auǯagjø
(l) Gwŕfwĩ → Gwŕfwiŋgjø
(m) Jaukanr̂o → Jaukanr̂ogjø
(n) Oilķägja → Oiļ̧kägjagjø
(o) Ḑedẽ → Ḑedeŋgjø
(p) Audrïnǯu “my father is exalted” → Audrïnǯugjø
For the purposes of this process, names ending in a nasalized vowel still count as ending in a vowel and therefore take -gjø, as demonstrated by examples (12l) and (o) above. These examples also show that the usual process of nasal insertion occurs here, with the resulting nasal assimilating to the g of the suffix.
Terms of address
The baxïŋk or personal name is typically only used to address Anhrushites within the immediate family, along with first cousins. In other situations, several types of formal address are preferred, the exact type depending on the individuals’ relative social status. Clansfolk of similar age often call each other kaiflyzgj “clansman” or einiflyzgj “clanswoman” followed by their respective bakkolomha or family names. For equals of similar age, but who belong to different clans, the honorifics Koiper for males and Joiper for females are most common, followed by the baţlyzgj or clan name. This pattern of using the baţlyzgj with members of other clans and the bakkolomh with one’s clansfolk repeats when addressing a social superior or inferior, with only the honorific used varying.
The honorifics used when addressing inferiors are straightforward: there are no standard ones used with members of other clans, while clansfolk typically address their inferiors with their relation (if they are also family members) or Afwakei(s) “youngster”. This latter “honorific”, if it can be called one, has its origins in relative age being the primary basis for the social hierarchy, but it has been generalized to all inferiors within the clan; thus one may witness a younger authority figure address an older inferior in a manner that seems confusing at first glance. For inferiors within the same religious, academic, or government organization, a general term such as ümbëkei “servant” or tušei “student” may be used, regardless of clan membership. Otherwise, an inferior non-clansman is usually addressed with their baţlyzgj alone.
When addressing superiors, the choice of honorific depends on a number of factors, including organizational rank, occupation, educational attainment, and clan role. This latter factor only matters when addressing superior clansfolk, however; a clan’s eimaud “partiarch” and eimeiv “matriarch” are usually addressed with those terms, while the honorifics used for other clan leadership are also their titles. Koiper and Joiper originated as honorifics for other clan superiors before being generalized beyond clan membership; they are now often the default choice of honorific for superiors in every sector of society, besides their adoption by equals. Meanwhile, the honorific Šëḑeif is rarely encountered outside of academic settings, as it is reserved for those who hold various high honors bestowed by universities on their graduates and faculty. In other settings, job titles commonly double as honorifics for superiors, while superiors who are neither coworkers nor clansfolk are typically addressed as eps “master” or ikünd “lord”. These honorifics date back to the imperial period, when titles of nobility were created to reward an emperor’s more loyal or capable subjects, and have persisted ever since, despite the abolition of the nobility in the centuries after the Argóllan occupation ended.
Compendium of Anhrushite personal names
Entries in this list include not only the names themselves and the sexes with which they are associated, but also, where known, an equivalent name from Earth, the name’s short form and diminutive, the name’s meaning, and a morphological breakdown of the name. Portions of morphemes which are omitted from the name are given in parentheses.
Adda m Adam
dim Adzë
red
single word
Afolķen m Cain
short form Af, dim Afzë
acquired
afolķ-en
Aiet f Eve
dim Aizë
breath
single word
Aišu m Barak
dim Aižë
lightning
single word
Ambleži m Amos
short form Amblë, dim Ambzë
to carry
single word (irreg.)
Amja m
of Jave
am-Ja
Amjau m Lael
of God
am-jau
Audamma m Abraham
short form Dam, dim Dambzë
father of many
aud-am-ma(ka)
Audleriŋ m Abidan
short form Ler, dim Lerzë
my father is the judge
aud-l-erim-g
Audloilķäg m Abishai
short form Loil, dim Loizë
my father is a gift
aud-l(ed)-oilķ-äg
Audlökju m Abimelech
short form Lök, dim Löxë
my father is the king
aud-l(eg)-ökju
Audlumïkai m Abner
short form Lum, dim Lumbzë
my father is a light
aud-l(ed)-umïkai
Audrïnden m Abram
short form Drïnd, dim Drïndzë
exalted father
aud-rïnd-en
Audrïnǯu m Abiram
short form Rïnǯ, dim Rïnǯë
my father is exalted
aud-rïnd-žu
Audǯalom m Absalom
short form Ǯal, dim Ǯalzë
my father is peace
aud-šalom
Aukau m Uzzi
dim Kauzë
power
single word
Aumprïlet m Adino
short form Aump, dim Aumbzë
ornament
single word
Autáltoi f Abigail
short form Talt, dim Talzë
my father is joy
au-táltoi
Auǯa m Abimaiah?
dim Auzë
my father is Jave
aud-Ja
Auǯau m Abimael
my father is God
aud-jau
Aǯ f Helah
rust
single word
Bač m Shem
name
single word
Balsumen m Baruch
short form Bals, dim Balzë
blessed
balsu-men
Baţair m Esau
short form Ţair, dim Ţaizë
hairy
single word
Bavis m Felix
short form Vis, dim Vizë
successful
single word
Baŵarg m/f Ephraim
dim Ŵarzë
fruitful
single word
Bed m Ithai
dim Bedzë
with me
single word
Börgirb f
short form Börg, dim Börzë
bright moon
bör(ḑ)-kirb
Čaršem m Boaz
dim Čarzë
swiftness
single word
Ḑaržïnd m Hiram
short form Ḑarž, dim Ḑarzë
exalted brother
ḑaž-rïnd
Ḑaš m Ham
dim Ḑažë
hot
single word
Ḑedẽ m Peter
rock
single word
Dëķø̈ǯijau m Shealtiel
short form Ķø̈ǯ, dim Ķø̈ǯë
I have asked of God
dë-ķød(z)-ž(au)-jau
Dër̂oŋga f
short form R̂oŋ, dim R̂oŋgzë
I am music
dë-r̂oŋga
Dešosen f Miriam
short form Deš, dim Dežë
wished-for child
deš-os-en
Ḑïndrin m Aaron
short form Ḑïnd, dim Ḑïndzë
high mountain
ḑïnd-(w)ŕïn
Dlog m Jonah
dove
single word
Drospimen m Judah
short form Drosp, dim Drozë
praised
drospi-men
Egjolḑëkei m Asa
short form Gjol, dim Gjozë
doctor/healer
single word
Eiašuwet f
Jave is salvation
ei+Jašuwet
Eiauǯa f
my father is Jave
ei+Auǯa
Eidlog f Jemima
dim Dlozë
dove
ei+Dlog
Einifwĩ f Sherah
short form Nif, dim Nizë
kinswoman
single word
Einǯëšem f Tryphena
short form Einǯ, dim Eizë
softness
single word
Eisöxë f Sarah
short form Söx, dim Söxë
princess
single word
Eiššija f Bithiah
short form Ši, dim Šizë
daughter of Jave
eišši(v)-Ja
Eiššilk f Bathsheba
short form Šilk, dim Šilzë
daughter of the oath
eišš(ïv)-(ŕts)ilk
Ekfažži m Lamech
short form Faž, dim Fazë
to lower
single word
Ekoimen m Ehud
short form Koim, dim Koizë
united
ek-oi-men
Ekrüšen m Japheth
short form Krüš, dim Krüzë
enlarged
ek-rüš-en
Ekto f Ruth
dim Exë
friend
single word
Ektojau m Reuel
short form Toi, dim Tozë
friend of God
ekto-jau
Ektonäž m Philip
friend of horses
ekto-näž
Epslĩ m Archelaus
short form Eps, dim Epsë
master of the people
eps-l(em)-(ŵ)ĩ
Eršadwĩ m
short form Šad, dim Šadzë
strength of the people
eršat(et)-wĩ
Exidarez m Manasseh
short form Sidrë, dim Sidzë
causing to forget
ek-zidar-ez
Ëǯiḑ m Noah
dim Ǯizë
rest
single word
Faufwi f Bethany
dim Fauzë
house of figs
(e)fau(g)-fwi
Fauvanh m/f
dim Vandzë
my home is the spring
(e)fau(g)-v(e)-anh
Feigoķ m/f Dathan
dim Feizë
fountain
single word
Fŕd f Hannah
favor
single word
Fŕdin f Tirzah
favorable
single word
Fŕdleg f
dim Fŕzë
his favor
fŕd-leg
Freiet m/f Anah
dim Freizë
answer
single word
Frublau m Haggai
dim Fruzë
festive
single word
Fyždë f Tamar
dim Fyzë
palm tree
single word
Gadbaŋken m Shemer
short form Baŋk, dim Baŋgzë
preserved
single word
Gälḑin m Hanan
dim Gälzë
gracious
single word
Gant m Shamgar
sword
single word
Gasnäläkrep m
short form Gas, dim Gazë
true prophecy
gasn(örŋ)älä(g)-krep
Gasnokei m Omar
speaker
single word
Gätrolgai m Gershom
short form Trol, dim Trolzë
exile
gätrol-kai
Gaž f Zipporah
bird
single word
Gëčaŵe m Isaac
short form Ča, dim Čazë
he laughs
gë-čaŵe
Gëjave m Jehu
Jave is he
gë-Jave
Gëšëḑ m Jada
dim Šëzë
he knows
gë-šëḑ
Gëšerimoŋ m Dan
short form Šer, dim Šerzë
he judged
gë-šerim-oŋ
Gëvaud m Abihu
he is my father
gë-v(e)-aud
Gëǯaim m Jachin
he establishes
gë-ǯaim
Gëǯaimoiḑ m Achim
short form Ǯaim, dim Ǯaizë
he will establish
gë-ǯaim-oiḑ
Girkäg f Edna
pleasure
single word
Girkestei f Hephzibah
short form Gir, dim Girzë
my delight is in her
girke(dled)-stei
Girkin f Naamah
pleasant
single word
Girkinčem f Naomi
pleasantness
girk-in-šem
Girx̌enǯë f
short form Šenǯ, dim Šendzë
soft pleasantness
girx̌(em)-e(i)nǯë
Gwäx m Allon
oak
single word
Gwŕfoix̌ f Eunice
short form Foix̌, dim Foizë
good victory
gwŕf(et)-oix̌
Gwŕfwĩ m Nicodemus
short form Fwĩ, dim Fwindzë
victory of the people
gwŕf(et)-ŵĩ
Ijaiüţi m Ami
short form Jai, dim Jaizë
trustworthy
single word
Ikündrïnǯu m Adoniram
short form Kündrë, dim Kündzë
my lord is exalted
ikünd-rïnd-žu
Irraiau m Gamaliel
short form Rai, dim Raizë
benefit of God
irrai(s)-(j)au
Ïžen m Seth
placed
single word
Jačeintrauž m Benaiah
short form Čeint, dim Čeindzë
Jave has built
Ja-čeintrau-ž
Jadÿndar m Zachariah
short form Jad, dim Jadzë
Jave remembers
Ja-dÿndar
Jagälḑin m John
short form Jag, dim Jagzë
Jave has been gracious
Ja-galḑ-in
Jagjirǯau m Gemariah
short form Gjirǯ, dim Gjirzë
Jave has accomplished
Ja-gjird-žau
Jailŕŋ m Nathaniel
short form Ail, dim Ailzë
God gave
j-ailŕŋ
Jaippaķ m Ishmerai
dim Pazë
Jave guards
Ja-ippaķ
Jakeršat m Hezekiah
short form Ker, dim Keržë
Jave strengthens
Ja-k-eršat
Jakjerv f Jochebed
short form Kjer, dim Kjerzë
Jave is glory
Ja-kjerv
Jaktokra m Jephthah
short form Tokrë, dim Toxë
Jave sets free
Ja-k-tokra
Janörķŕ m Delaiah
short form Nörķ, dim Nörzë
Jave has drawn
Ja-nörķŕ
Jaŋkrau f
short form Jaŋk, dim Jaŋxë
she is a garden
j-aŋkrau
Japanǯau m Zephaniah
short form Panǯ, dim Pandzë
Jave has hidden
Ja-pan-žau
Japraiķwež m Amariah
short form Praiķ, dim Praizë
Jave has said
Ja-praiķwei-žau
Jarnörķŕ m Jeremiah
short form Jar, dim Jarzë
Jave has uplifted
Ja-(n)rnörķŕ
Jašädlu m Josiah
short form Šädlë, dim Šädzë
Jave supports
Ja-šädlu
Jašerimb m Jehoshaphat
short form Šerb, dim Šezë
Jave has judged
Ja-šerimb(žau)
Jašŕḑ m Adaliah
Jave is just
Ja-šŕḑ
Jašuwet m Joshua
short form Jaš, dim Jažë
Jave is salvation
Ja-šuw-et
Jaţarķšau m Azariah
short form Ţarx̌, dim Ţarxë
Jave has helped
Ja-ţarķ-žau
Jaubed m Ithiel
God is with me
jau-bed
Jaubež m Emmanuel
God is with us
jau-bež
Jaubeǯ f
God is with me
Jaubed+j
Jaufožlë m Ammiel
short form Fož, dim Fožë
God is my countryman
jau-(kai)fož-l(ed)
Jaugjolǯ m Raphael
short form Gjolǯ, dim Gjolzë
God has healed
jau-(e)gjold-ž(au)
Jaukanr̂o m Eliakim
short form Kanr̂ë, dim Kandzë
God rises
jau-kanr̂o
Jaukanr̂oi f
God rises
Jaukanr̂o+j
Jaukaul m Uzziel
God is my power
jau-(au)kau-l(ed)
Jaukeršat m Ezekiel
short form Kerš, dim Kerzë
God strengthens
jau-(e)keršat
Jaukkalŕ f Mehetabel
short form Kal, dim Kalzë
God makes happy
jau-(e)kkalŕ
Jaulïmb m Jehiel
short form Lïmb, dim Lïmbzë
God lives
jau-lïmb
Jaumauž m Elkanah
short form Mauž, dim Mauzë
God has purchased
jau-mauž
Jaumïkail m Uriel
short form Kail, dim Kaizë
God is my light
jau-(u)mïkai-l(ed)
Jaunörķŕ m Jeremiel
short form Jaun, dim Jaundzë
God uplifts
jau-nörķŕ
Jaupaloi m Hazael
short form Pal, dim Palzë
God sees
jau-paloi
Jaupaukau m Samuel
short form Pauk, dim Pauxë
God has heard
jau-paukau
Jaupaukoid m Ishmael
God will hear
jau-paukoid
Jaušuwet m Elisha
short form Šut, dim Šuzë
my God is salvation
jau-šuwet
Jauţarķ m Eleazar
my God helps
jau-ţarķ
Jauţarķet m Eliezer
my God is help
jau-ţarķ-et
Jauţarķoŋ m
short form Ţarķ, dim Ţarzë
God helped
jau-ţarķ-oŋ
Jauţarķšau m Azarel
God has helped
jau-ţarķ-žau
Jauvailauž m Eldad
short form Vail, dim Vaizë
God has loved
jau-vailau-ž
Jauvaud m Abiel
God is my father
jau-v(e)-aud(led)
Jauvaumix̌ m Eliud
God is grandeur
jau-v-aumïk-š(em)
Jauvjubud m Eliphelet
short form Bud, dim Budzë
God is release
jau-v(e)-jubud
Jauvwambet f Elizabeth
short form Wamb, dim Wambzë
my God is abundance
jau-v(e)-wambet
Jaux̌au m Elnathan
God has given
jau-(oil)x̌au
Javaud m Joab
short form Vaud, dim Vaudzë
Jave is the father
Ja-v(e)-aud
Javaudlë m/f Abijah
short form Vaudlë
Jave is my father
Ja-v(e)-aud-l(ed)
Javaumïk m Gedaliah
short form Vau, dim Vauzë
Jave is great
Ja-v(e)-aumïk
Javaumïkj f
short form Mïkj, dim Mïxë
Jave is great
Javaumïk+j
Javikünd m Adonijah
short form Vik, dim Vixë
Jave is my lord
Ja-v(e)-ikünd
Javjaul m Elijah
Jave is my God
Ja-v(e)-jau-l(ed)
Javkaul m Uzziah
Jave is my power
Ja-v(e)-kau-l(ed)
Javoix̌ m Tobiah
Jave is good
Ja-v(e)-oix̌
Javox̌au m Jonathan
Jave has given
Jav-o(il)x̌au
Javumïkail m Uriah
short form Vum, dim Vuzë
Jave is my light
Ja-v(e)-umïkai-l(ed)
Jaǯaim m Kenaniah
Jave establishes
Ja-ǯaim
Jukïš m Micah
short form Kïš, dim Kïžë
who is like?
juk(ai)-(m)ïš
Jukḯšja m Micaiah
who is like Jave?
juk(ai)-(m)ïš-Ja
Jukḯšjau m Michael
short form Kï, dim Kïzë
who is like God?
juk(ai)-(m)ïš-jau
Jündet m Amal
work
single word
Kaifjau m Bethuel
short form Fjau, dim Fjauzë
man of God
kaif-jau
Kaiflau m Andrew
short form Flau, dim Flauzë
manly
single word
Kaifrÿčak m Methuselah
short form Frÿč, dim Frÿzë
man of the dart
kaif-rÿč(a)-(s)ak
Kairšačau m Gabriel
short form Kairš, dim Kairzë
strong man of God
kai-(e)ršat-jau
Kaķ f Mara
bitter
single word
Kalŕ m Asher
happy
single word
Kalŕšem m Simcha
happiness
single word
Kanr̂oja m Jehoiakim
short form R̂o, dim R̂ozë
raised by God
kanr̂o-Ja
Karwoča m Nehemiah
short form Woč, dim Woǯë
comforted by Jave
karwoč-Ja
Karwočkei m/f Nahum
comforter
karwoč-kei
Katsä m/f Kenan
possession
single word
Ķënaḑ m Jaasau
they will do
ķë-naḑ
Kerpin m Eran
vigilant
single word
Ketso m Zadok
righteous
single word
Kïlţ m Caleb
dog
single word
Kirbžem f Nogah
brightness
kirb-žem
Kjervaud m Cleopatros
glory of the father
kjerv-aud
Ķölpäg m Buz
contempt
single word
Kombet m Jared
descent
single word
Krepedled m/f Amittai
short form Krep, dim Krebzë
my truth
krep-et-led
Krüšwĩ m Rehoboam
he enlarges the people
(e)k-rüš-ŵĩ
L̂odulei f
her silver
l̂odu-lei
Logjomez m Ethan
short form Logjë, dim Lozë
enduring
logjo-mez
Marašin f Shiphrah
beautiful
single word
Maudleg m Moab
of his father
(a)m-aud-leg
Mïštarúdez m Simeon
short form Rudz, dim Rudzë
listening
single word
Mondu m Gad
fortune
single word
Mosenu f Lois
more desirable
mos-en-u
Murijau m Ariel
short form Mur, dim Murzë
lion of God
mur(rüs)-jau
Murrüs m Arieh
lion
single word
Naurïnden f Jezebel
not exalted
nau-rïnden
Nörwet m Eli
ascent
single word
Oilķäg m Jesse
gift
single word
Oilķägja m Matthew
short form Ķäg, dim Ķägzë
gift of Jave
oilķäg-Ja
Oilķägjai f
short form Ķägjë
gift of Jave
Oilķägja+j
Oilķei m Nathan
giver
oilķ-(k)ei
Oilxïmen m Enoch
short form Sïm, dim Sïmbzë
dedicated
single word
Ölgweţkei m Shiloh
short form Gweţ, dim Gwezë
he who is to be sent
ölgweţ-kei
Öržïnden m Amram
short form Örž, dim Örzë
exalted nation
ož-rïnd-en
Page m Teman
south
single word
Palzgäk m Cyrus
farsighted
pal(e)z-ķäk
Pannen m Elam
hidden
pan-men
Panr̂omen m Azel
reserved
panr̂o-men
Pefyždë m/f Diklah
palm grove
single word
Pjijaķ m Eder
flock (of sheep)
single word
Ŕhon m Anan
cloud
single word
Ŕhondled m Anani
short form Hon, dim Hondzë
my cloud
ŕhon-led
Rïnden m Ram
exalted
single word
Rïndet m Zebulun
exaltation
single word
Rïnǯa m Jehoram
exalted by Jave
rïnd(en)-Ja
R̂oŋgaled m/f Zimri
my music
r̂oŋga-led
Ŕsus m Achan
trouble
single word
Ŕtsilk m Sheba
short form Silk, dim Silzë
oath
single word
Rüvj f Hagar
flight
single word
Sak m Joktan
small
single word
Šakálţen f Beulah
married
single word
Šëḑweiŋ m Enosh
human being
single word
Seiŋ m Samson
sun
single word
Šerimjau m Daniel
short form Rimjë, dim Rimbzë
God is my judge
šerim(gjøled)-jau
Šïgdavört m Barnabas
short form Dav, dim Dazë
son of encouragement
šï(v)-(e)gdavör(e)t
Šïvŕlai m Benjamin
short form Lai, dim Laizë
favorite son
šï(v)-vŕla(h)i
Škanelen m Moses
short form Škan, dim Škazë
drawn out
škanel-en
Škefa m Paul
short form Škef, dim Škezë
humble
single word
Sketso f
righteous
s+Ketso
Spog m Laban
white
single word
Šŕḑeča m Zedekiah
short form Šŕḑ, dim Šŕzë
justice of Jave
šŕḑ-et-Ja
Stedẽ f Sela
rock
s+Ḑedẽ
Štoiḑi f Iscah
to behold
single word
Štoišïv m Reuben
behold, a son
štoi-šïv
Šuwet m Hosea
salvation
single word
Taiv m Ahab
uncle
single word
Ţarķet m Ezra
help
single word
Ţarķjau m Azarel
help of God
ţarķ-jau
Ţeddarķ m Ebenezer
stone of help
ţed(õ)-ţarķ
Törvokei m Asaph
short form Törv, dim Törzë
collector
single word
Tulïmja m Jeriah
short form Tul, dim Tuzë
taught by Jave
tulïm-Ja
Ulbaŋ m Carmi
vine
single word
Ümbeia m Obadiah
short form Ümb, dim Ümbzë
servant of Jave
ümb(ëk)ei-Ja
Ümbëkei m Obed
servant
single word
Umïkail m Uri
my light
umïkai-l(ed)
Umïketso m
short form Ket, dim Ketsë
righteous light
umï(kai)-ketso
Vailaumen m David
short form Laum, dim Lauzë
beloved
vailau-men
Vailaumja m Jedidiah
beloved of Jave
vailau-m(en)-Ja
Vaineia m Joash
fire of Jave
vaine-Ja
Välïjai m/f Medad
short form Väl, dim Välzë
love
single word
Ŵalkez m Alphaeus
changing
ŵalk-ez
Wambet m/f Jethro
abundance
single word
Wambyn m
abundant
single word
Wambynj f Merab
abundant
Wambyn+j
Weiŋglokeiled m Malachi
short form Wei, dim Weizë
my messenger
weiŋglokei-led
Ŵineigoķ f
short form Neig, dim Neizë
my people is a fountain
ŵĩ-(f)eigoķ
Ŵinŕkoč f
short form Ŵin, dim Ŵindzë
my people is noble
Ŵinŕkot+j
Ŵinŕkot m Amminadab
my people is noble
ŵĩ-ŕkot
Wŕïnčembleg m Alvah
short form Rinč, dim Rinǯë
his highness
wŕïn-šem-leg
Yktar m Zacchaeus
pure
single word
Zeš f Sharon
plain
single word
Zgëšëḑ f
he knows
s+Gëšëḑ
Zikjerv m Ichabod
no glory
zi-kjerv
Ǯaimja m Jehoiachin
established by Jave
ǯaim-Ja